VMS/RMS INTERNAL DATA STRUCTURES
                                  by
                            David W. Deley
                                 ©1993


Preface

This documentation examines the internal structures of RMS files on
disk.

Intended Audience

The user should already have knowledge of the three file organizations:
Sequential, Relative, and Indexed, and how they are used.  See the VMS
manual 'Guide to File Applications' for basic background information
about these three file organizations.  The user should also have a basic
understanding of the ASCII character set and how each character is
equivalent to a hexadecimal number.  The user should have a basic
understanding of what a file is, what a directory is, and what a disk
is.


Associated Documents
The following documents contain further related information:

   * Guide to VMS File Applications
   * VMS File System Internals, by Kirby McCoy, DIGITAL Press.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

RMS INTERNAL DATA STRUCTURES

PART I:  FILES ON DISKS (ODS-2)

For our analysis we shall use the following familiar nursery rhyme and see
how it looks inside a file of each allowed type above:

             Roses are red,                       [14 chars]
             Violets are blue,                    [17 chars]
             Sugar is sweet                       [14 chars]
             And so are you!                      [15 chars]

This piece of familiar prose was chosen not so much for its literary
value but rather because it is short and has some lines with an even
number of characters and some lines with an odd number of characters.
Note for future reference the length of each line.

To begin let's use our favorite text editor such as EVE, EDT, or EDX and
create a text file containing the above nursery rhyme.  Call the file
ROSES.DAT .  You may try this as we go along to get a hands on feel for
what goes on.  The file should contain exactly 4 lines, with no leading
or trailing spaces.

After creating the file and exiting the editor do a $ DIR/FULL to see
what we got.  Note for future reference the fields marked by the three
chevrons '>>>':

$ DIR/FULL ROSES.DAT

Directory DISK3:[DELEYD.RMSDOC]

>>> ROSES.DAT;1               >>> File ID:  (18227,76,0)
>>> Size:            1/3          Owner:    [SCN,DELEYD]
    Created:   6-MAR-1993 21:58:21.41
    Revised:   3-OCT-1993 22:59:40.06 (2)
    Expires:   <None specified>
    Backup:    <No backup recorded>
>>> File organization:  Sequential
>>> File attributes:    Allocation: 3, Extend: 0, Global buffer count: 0
                        No version limit
>>> Record format:      Variable length, maximum 17 bytes
>>> Record attributes:  Carriage return carriage control
    RMS attributes:     None
    Journaling enabled: None
    File protection:    System:RWED, Owner:RWED, Group:RWED, World:RWED
    Access Cntrl List:  None

    Total of 1 file, 1/3 blocks.

Items to note are:
   1.  The file name is ROSES.DAT;1
   2.  The file ID is (18227,76,0)
   3.  The file size is 1 block used, 3 blocks allocated.
   4.  The file organization is 'Sequential'
   5.  The record format is 'Variable Length'
   6.  The record attributes are 'Carriage return carriage control'


All of this information ABOUT the file is stored in the file's header.
The file header is a block of data ABOUT the file in addition to the
actual data records which comprise the file itself.  We can examine the
contents of the file header with the following command (try this out on
your ROSES.DAT file):

$ DUMP/HEADER/BLOCKS=(COUNT:0)/NOFORMAT ROSES.DAT

   Dump of file DISK3:[DELEYD.RMSDOC]ROSES.DAT;1
   File ID (18227,76,0)   End of file block 1 / Allocated 3

                                File Header

    00000000 004C4733 02010000 FFFF6428 (d......3GL..... 000000
    00010000 00030000 00110202 00000000 ................ 000010
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000046 F............... 000020
    0015000B 00020000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000030
    00000004 00000000 0000006B 46230000 ..#Fk........... 000040
    20202020 20313B54 41442E53 45534F52 ROSES.DAT;1      000050
    FDC00096 91F2EACE 4C200002 20202020     .. LÎêò...Àý 000060
    00000000 00000000 00000097 37C9709C .pÉ7............ 000070
    20202020 20202020 20200000 00000000 ......           000080
    20202020 20202020 20202020 20202020                  000090
    20202020 20202020 20202020 20202020                  0000A0
    20202020 20202020 20202020 20202020                  0000B0
    00000000 14174B02 20202020 20202020         .K...... 0000C0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0000D0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0000E0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0000F0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000100
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000110
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000120
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000130
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000140
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000150
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000160
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000170
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000180
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000190
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0001A0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0001B0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0001C0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0001D0
    00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0001E0
    CA660000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ..............fÊ 0001F0


The layout of the header block is described in appendix A.  It's also
more thoroughly described in the book "VMS File System Internals" by
Kirby McCoy, order number EY-F575E-DP From Digital Press.  Fortunately
we don't have to delve into deciphering the contents of this block.  We
can get a formatted output of the block's contents by using the /FORMAT
qualifier as follows (try this out on your ROSES.DAT file):

$ DUMP/HEADER/BLOCKS=(COUNT:0)/FORMAT ROSES.DAT

    Dump of file DISK3:[DELEYD.RMSDOC]ROSES.DAT;1
    File ID (18227,76,0)   End of file block 1 / Allocated 3

                                 File Header

    Header area
        Identification area offset:           40
        Map area offset:                      100
        Access control area offset:           255
        Reserved area offset:                 255
        Extension segment number:             0
        Structure level and version:          2, 1
>>>     File identification:                  (18227,76,0)
        Extension file identification:        (0,0,0)
        VAX-11 RMS attributes
>>>         Record type:                      Variable
>>>         File organization:                Sequential
>>>         Record attributes:                Implied carriage control
            Record size:                      17
>>>         Highest block:                    3
>>>         End of file block:                1
>>>         End of file byte:                 70
            Bucket size:                      0
            Fixed control area size:          0
            Maximum record size:              0
            Default extension size:           0
            Global buffer count:              0
            Directory version limit:          0
        File characteristics:                 <none specified>
        Map area words in use:                2
        Access mode:                          0
        File owner UIC:                       [SCN,DELEYD]
        File protection:                      S:RWED, O:RWED, G:RWED, W:RWED
        Back link file identification:        (17955,107,0)
        Journal control flags:                <none specified>
        Active recovery units:                None
        Highest block written:                3

    Identification area
>>>     File name:                            ROSES.DAT;1
        Revision number:                      2
        Creation date:                         6-MAR-1993 21:58:21.41
        Revision date:                         3-OCT-1993 22:59:40.06
        Expiration date:                      <none specified>
        Backup date:                          <none specified>

    Map area
        Retrieval pointers
            Count:          3        LBN:     726039

    Checksum:                                 51814


Items to note are:
   1.  The file ID is (18227,76,0)

   2.  The record type is 'Variable'
       (same as "record format:  Variable Length")

   3.  The file organization is 'Sequential'

   4.  The record attributes are 'Implied carriage control'
       (same as "Record attributes:  Carriage return carriage control")

   5.  The highest block is 3.
       the end of file block is 1.
       (same as "Size:  1/3")

   6.  The file name is ROSES.DAT;1

Note that the $ DIR/FULL command gets all its information ABOUT a file
from the file's header.


File headers themselves are not stored as part of the file itself.  All
file headers are stored in file [000000]INDEXF.SYS  The file ID number
gives us the information needed to locate our desired file header in
INDEXF.SYS .  From our example above, the file ID is (18227,76,0)

A file ID consists of 3 parts:

     Part 1 is the file number.  The file number is the portion of the
     file ID that is required for calculating the offset of the file's
     header in INDEXF.SYS .  In our example the file number is 18227.

     Part 2 is the file sequence number.  When the file the file header
     block points to is deleted then the header block is free to be
     reused.  When the header block is reused to point to a new file the
     sequence number is incremented by one.  Thus after using the file
     number part of the file ID to locate the header block in
     INDEXF.SYS, a check of the file sequence number insures that our
     file hasn't been deleted and the file header is not now pointing to
     some new file.  In our example the file sequence number is 76,
     indicating that this file header block has been used to point to 76
     different files since INDEXF.SYS was created.

     Part 3 is the relative volume number of the file.  If the file is
     resident on a bound volume set, this number indicates the relative
     volume where the file physically resides.  In our example the
     relative volume number is 0, indicating our disk is not part of a
     multiple volume set.

(Identify the file number, sequence number, and relative volume number
for your ROSES.DAT file.)

We need two more pieces of information about the disk itself on which
our file resides before we can calculate the offset into INDEXF.SYS of
our file's header.  These two pieces of information are:

        1: The cluster size
        2: The maximum number of files allowed on the disk

This information is easily obtained with the following DCL command:

     $ SHOW DEVICE/FULL ddcu:

Continuing our example:

$ SHOW DEVICE/FULL DISK3

Disk $1$DUC13: (SB3), device type RA70, is online, mounted, file-oriented
    device, shareable, served to cluster via MSCP Server, error logging is
    enabled.

    Error count                    0    Operations completed            1824293
    Owner process                 ""    Owner UIC                 [SYS,SYSBOOT]
    Owner process ID        00000000    Dev Prot    S:RWED,O:RWED,G:RWED,W:RWED
    Reference count               19    Default buffer size                 512
    Total blocks             1133160    Sectors per track                    60
    Total cylinders             1349    Tracks per cylinder                  14
    Allocation class               1

    Volume label             "DISK3"    Relative volume number                0
 >>>Cluster size                   3    Transaction count                    44
    Free blocks               109143 >>>Maximum files allowed            141645
    Extend quantity                5    Mount count                           3
    Mount status              System    Cache name          "_$1$DIA0:XQPCACHE"
    Extent cache size             64    Maximum blocks in extent cache    10914
    File ID cache size            64    Blocks currently in extent cache  10692
    Quota cache size               0    Maximum buffers in FCP cache       1752

  Volume status:  subject to mount verification, write-through caching enabled.
  Volume is also mounted on SB8, SB12.

From this we see that 'cluster size' = 3, and 'Maximum files allowed' = 141645.

(Try this out.  Find the values for 'cluster size' and 'Maximum files
allowed' for your disk which has your ROSES.DAT file.)


The formula for calculating the offset of our file's header block in
INDEXF.SYS is:

                                  Maximum_files_allowed
offset = (4 * cluster_size) +  RUP---------------------  + file_number
                                         4096

(Here RUP means round up to the nearest integer.)

The first two factors calculate the number of blocks in INDEXF.SYS we
need to skip over before we come to the file header blocks.  First we
skip over the first 4 clusters of the file which are used for the boot
block and home blocks.  Then we skip over the index file bitmap, the
size of which is dependent upon the maximum number of files allowed for
the disk.  The bitmap is large enough to hold one bit for each file
header indicating whether it is currently being used or not.  There are
8 bits in a byte, and 512 bytes in a block, so each bitmap block
accounts for 8*512=4096 files.  Hence the size of the bitmap in blocks
is the maximum number of files permitted on the disk divided by 4096,
and rounded up to the nearest integer.

For our example we have:

                         141645
block_offset = (4 * 3) + ------ + 18227
                          4096

             = 18275

(Calculate the offset using your values for cluster_size,
Maximum_files_allowed, and file_number.)

Having performed the above calculation we can now directly access the
header block for our file in INDEXF.SYS using the command:

$ DUMP/BLOCKS=(START:block_offset,COUNT:1)/FILE_HEADER  ddcu:[000000]INDEXF.SYS

Try this out using your calculated value for block_offset.  Verify that
the header information is the same as the information obtained earlier
when we used the command $ DUMP/HEADER/BLOCKS=(COUNT:0)/FORMAT ROSES.DAT


Now that we've located the file header we can now locate the file itself
on the disk.  At the end of the file header is the Map Area where the
Retrieval Pointers are located.  The Retrieval Pointers tell us where
the file is located on the disk.  For our example, the file starts at
Logical Block Number (LBN) 726039 and goes for a count of 3 blocks.  We
can examine directly those blocks on the disk to verify that they do
contain the contents of our file.  (The following command requires
LOG_IO or PHY_IO privilege.  Try this out if you can using for START the
LBN value listed at the end of your formatted file header dump):

$ DUMP/BLOCKS=(START:726039,COUNT:1) DISK3:

    Dump of device DISK3: on 24-MAR-1993 20:27:24.60

    Logical block number 726039 (000B1417), 512 (0200) bytes

     2C646572 20657261 20736573 6F52000E ..Roses are red, 000000
     6C622065 72612073 74656C6F 69560011 ..Violets are bl 000010
     73207369 20726167 7553000E 002C6575 ue,...Sugar is s 000020
     65726120 6F732064 6E41000F 74656577 weet..And so are 000030
     00000000 00000000 FFFF0021 756F7920  you!........... 000040
     00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000050

 Note: Some systems may have a disk defragmenter program such as
       Diskeeper running in the background.  These programs defragment
       the disk by silently rearranging the files on the disk when
       nobody's looking.  If you notice your file's starting LBN has
       unexpectedly changed it may be because a disk defragmenter
       program has moved it to a new location.


We have now found the actual contents of our file.  We can get the same
dump of our ROSES.DAT file by using the simple command:

$ DUMP ROSES.DAT

    Dump of file DISK3:[DELEYD.RMSDOC]ROSES.DAT;1
    File ID (18227,76,0)   End of file block 1 / Allocated 3

    Virtual block number 1 (00000001), 512 (0200) bytes

     2C646572 20657261 20736573 6F52000E ..Roses are red, 000000
     6C622065 72612073 74656C6F 69560011 ..Violets are bl 000010
     73207369 20726167 7553000E 002C6575 ue,...Sugar is s 000020
     65726120 6F732064 6E41000F 74656577 weet..And so are 000030
     00000000 00000000 00000021 756F7920  you!........... 000040
     00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000050


So far we have seen how to locate a file using the file ID.  However,
the usual way of accessing a file is by specifying the name of the file
and what directory it's in.  In our example, our file name is ROSES.DAT
and it's in directory [DELEYD.RMSDOC].

This is where directory files (*.DIR) come in.  The very top level
directory on an ODS-2 disk is [000000]000000.DIR;1 .  This file always
has file ID (4,4,0).  So all we need to do is locate the header for it
in the INDEXF.SYS file.  At this point you may wonder how do we access
the INDEXF.SYS file?  The answer is the location of the INDEXF.SYS file
is determined when the disk is mounted and saved in the Volume Control
Block (VCB).  Once the disk is mounted the INDEXF.SYS file is always
accessible.

So, given the file name [DELEYD.RMSDOC]ROSES.DAT;1 , we can access the
contents of that file as follows:

    1.  Access INDEXF.SYS and obtain the file header for file ID
        (4,4,0) which is [000000]000000.DIR;1 .  From the file header
        obtain the location of this file on the disk.  Look in the file
        for a record giving the file ID of file [000000]DELEYD.DIR;1

    2.  Using the file ID just obtained for file [000000]DELEYD.DIR;1,
        access INDEXF.SYS and get the file header for this file, then
        from the file header obtain the location of this file on the
        disk.  Look in this file for a record giving the file ID of file
        [DELEYD]RMSDOC.DIR;1

    3.  Using the file ID just obtained for file [DELEYD]RMSDOC.DIR;1,
        access INDEXF.SYS and get the file header for this file, then
        from the file header obtain the location of this file on the
        disk.  Look in this file for a record giving the file ID of file
        [DELEYD.RMSDOC]ROSES.DAT;1

    4.  Using the file ID just obtained for file [DELEYD.RMSDOC]ROSES.DAT;1,
        access INDEXF.SYS and get the file header for this file, then
        from the file header obtain the location of this file on the
        disk.  We have now found the location of our desired file on the
        disk.

Note: This process of locating a file is a major part of what happens
      when a program requests to OPEN a file.  Once the file is opened,
      (i.e. the location of the file is found), then the program can
      easily access the contents of the file.


=======================================================================

PART II: INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF RMS FILES

There are three possible file organizations:

        1.  Sequential
        2.  Relative
        3.  Indexed

Within each file organization there are seven possible record formats:

        1.  Variable
        2.  Fixed
        3.  Stream
        4.  Stream_CR
        5.  Stream_LF
        6.  Undefined
        7.  VFC  (Variable-Length with Fixed-Length Control Field)

Within each record there are four possible record attributes:

         1.  Carriage_control Carriage_return
         2.  Fortran
         3.  Print
         4.  None

The following abbreviations are used throughout the rest of this paper:
Abbreviations:

   File Formats:
      SEQ - Sequential
      REL - Relative
      IND - Indexed

   Record Formats:
      VAR - Variable length
      FIX - Fixed length
      STR - Stream
      SCR - Stream_CR
      SLF - Stream_LF
      UND - Undefined
      VFC - Variable with Fixed length control

  Record Attributes:
      CAR - Carriage_control Carriage_return
      FOR - Fortran
      PRT - Print
      NON - None

Not all combinations of file organization, record format, and record
attributes are allowed.  The tables below lists all the allowable
combinations.  'X' marks an allowable combination:

Table of allowable combinations:

SEQUENTIAL

     VAR    FIX    STR    SCR    SLF    UND    VFC
CAR   X      X      X      X      X      X      X
FOR   X      X      X      X      X      X      X
PRT   .      .      .      .      .      .      X
NON   X      X      X      X      X      X      X


RELATIVE

     VAR    FIX    STR    SCR    SLF    UND    VFC
CAR   X      X      .      .      .      .      X
FOR   X      X      .      .      .      .      X
PRT   .      .      .      .      .      .      X
NON   X      X      .      .      .      .      X


INDEXED

     VAR    FIX    STR    SCR    SLF    UND    VFC
CAR   X      X      .      .      .      .      .
FOR   X      X      .      .      .      .      .
PRT   .      .      .      .      .      .      .
NON   X      X      .      .      .      .      .

There are a total of 38 different possible combinations.

The guide to VMS File Applications explains in detail the different file
organizations, record formats, and attributes.  A brief summary is given
here:

FILE ORGANIZATIONS:

SEQUENTIAL:  In a sequential file the records follow one another in
             sequential order.  Records are accessed in sequential
             order, starting with the first record and continuing
             through the file until the last record is reached.
             Attempting to access a next record after the last records
             results in an End Of File status.

RELATIVE:    In a relative file the records are placed in fixed length
             cells which follow one another in sequential order.  The
             records may be accessed sequentially as in a sequential
             file, or the records may be accessed directly via record
             number.

INDEXED:     In an indexed file the placement of the records themselves
             is transparent to the user.  RMS stores and retrieves the
             records for the user.  A fixed portion of each record is
             declared to be the primary key.  For example, the first 10
             bytes of each record could be declared the primary key.
             Records may then be retrieved by specifying the primary key
             portion of the desired record.  Records may also be
             retrieved in sequential order, with the records being
             sorted according to the primary key.


RECORD FORMAT:

VARIABLE:    The data portion of each record is preceded with a 2-byte
             binary count field that specifies the length of the record
             in bytes, excluding the byte field itself.  Each new record
             begins on an even byte (WORD aligned).  A null character is
             appended to the end of the previous record if necessary so
             the next record will begin on a padded boundary.

FIXED:       All records are of a fixed length.

STREAM:      The data portion of each record is terminated by the
             characters <CR><LF> (a carriage-return 0x0D byte followed
             by a line-feed 0x0A byte).  This sequence of characters may
             not appear within the data portion of a record as it
             indicates the end of a record.

STREAM_CR:   The data portion of each record is terminated by a <CR>
             character (carriage-return 0x0D byte).  This character may
             not appear within the data portion of a record as it
             indicates the end of a record.

STREAM_LF:   The data portion of each record is terminated by a <LF>
             character (line-feed 0x0A byte).  This character may not
             appear within the data portion a record as it indicates the
             end of a record.

UNDEFINED:   There are no records per se, the file is just a stream of
             bytes starting with the first byte and ending with the last
             byte.

VFC:         Variable-Length with Fixed-Length Control Field.  The data
             portion of each record is preceded by four bytes.  The
             first two bytes (WORD) give the length of the record in
             bytes.  The third byte is the PREFIX byte which contains
             carriage control information for a printer or output device
             to be executed prior to printing the record.  The fourth
             byte is the SUFFIX byte which contains carriage control
             information for a printer or output device to be executed
             after printing the record.  The PREFIX and SUFFIX bytes are
             only used if the file's record attributes are 'Print file
             carriage control'.  If the file's record attributes are not
             'Print file carriage control' then the PREFIX byte and the
             SUFFIX byte contain 0x00 and are not used.

   The coding scheme for both the PREFIX and the SUFFIX bytes is shown
   in the following table:

   -------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bit 7    Bits 6-0    Meaning
   -------------------------------------------------------------------
    0        0             No carriage control is specified.

    0        1-7F          Count of newlines; linefeed(s) followed by a
                           carriage return.

   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bit 7   Bit 6   Bit 5   Bits 4-0   Meaning
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
    1        0       0       0-1F     Output the single ASCII control
                                      character specified by the
                                      configuration of bits 4 through
                                      0 (7-bit character set).

   1        1       0       0-1F      Output the single ASCII control
                                      character specified by the
                                      configuration of bits 4 through
                                      0 that are translated as ASCII
                                      characters 128 through 159
                                      (8-bit character set).

   1        1        1      0-1F      RESERVED
   ------------------------------------------------------------------



RECORD ATTRIBUTES:
The record attributes provide information to a printer or other output
device on how to display the records.

         1.  Carriage_control Carriage_return
         2.  Fortran
         3.  Print
         4.  None


CARRIAGE_CONTROL:  Indicates that each record is to be preceded by a
                   line feed and followed by a carriage return when the
                   record is written to a carriage control device such
                   as a line printer or terminal.  (i.e. each record is
                   displayed on a new line).

FORTRAN:           Indicates that the first byte of the record data
                   portion is to be interpreted as a FORTRAN carriage
                   control character.

                   ---------------------------------------------------
                   1st byte   ASCII   Meaning
                   ---------------------------------------------------
                    0x00      (null)  Null carriage control (sequence:
                                      print rest of record data).

                    0x20      (space) Single-space carriage control
                                      (sequence: line feed, print rest
                                      of record data, carriage return).

                    0x30       0      Double-space carriage control
                                      (sequence: line feed, line feed,
                                      print rest of record data,
                                      carriage return).

                    0x31       1      Page eject carriage control
                                      (sequence: form feed, print rest
                                      of record data, carriage return).

                    0x28       +      Overprint carriage control Allows
                                      double printing for emphasis.
                                      (sequence: print rest of record
                                      [without first doing a line feed],
                                      carriage return).

                    0x24       $      Prompt carriage control (sequence:
                                      line feed, print rest of record
                                      data.  [Do not follow with
                                      carriage return]).

                    Other values      Same as ASCII space character:
                                      single-space carriage control.
                   ---------------------------------------------------

PRINT:             Allowed only for VFC files, indicates that the PREFIX
                   and SUFFIX bytes contain carriage control information.
                   See the description above for VFC record format.

NONE:              No print formatting is specified.  The record data is
                   sent to the output device as a stream of bytes.



EXAMINING THE INTERNALS OF A FILE:

Text files created by EDT or a TPU based editor like EVE or EDX are by
default sequential files with variable length records and have record
attribute of Carriage-Control Carriage-Return.  We will examine in depth
here the internals of this type of text file containing the "Roses are
red..." poem used in part I.  Examinations of the other possible file
formats are done similarly.

There are so many ways to examine the contents of a file that it may
appear confusing at first.  Just keep in mind that this is the same file
whose contents are being viewed numerous different ways.

We will perform the following five analyses of the text file ROSES.DAT
created using EDT or a TPU based editor such as EVE or EDX:

       1.  FDL specifications for file
       2.  $ DIR/FULL
       3.  $ DUMP/HEADER/FORMAT/BLOCKS=(COUNT:0)
       4.  $ DUMP
       5.  Graphic analysis of dump
       6.  ANALYZE/RMS_FILE/INTERACTIVE


(FDL specification):

File:  ROSES.DAT

FILE
	ORGANIZATION		sequential
RECORD
	FORMAT			variable
	CARRIAGE_CONTROL	carriage_return
===============================================================================

$ DIR/FULL ROSES.DAT;

Directory DISK3:[DELEYD.ROSES.SEQ]

ROSES.DAT;                                File ID:  (26230,6,0)
Size:            1/3          Owner:    [SCN,DELEYD]
Created:  23-MAR-1993 17:59:03.29
Revised:  23-MAR-1993 17:59:03.48 (1)
Expires:   <None specified>
Backup:    <No backup recorded>
File organization:  Sequential
File attributes:    Allocation: 3, Extend: 0, Global buffer count: 0, No version limit
Record format:      Variable length, maximum 17 bytes
Record attributes:  Carriage return carriage control
RMS attributes:     None
Journaling enabled: None
File protection:    System:RWED, Owner:RWED, Group:RWED, World:RWED
Access Cntrl List:  None

Total of 1 file, 1/3 blocks.
===============================================================================

$ DUMP/HEADER/FORMAT/BLOCKS=COUNT:0 ROSES.DAT

Dump of file DISK3:[DELEYD.ROSES.SEQ]ROSES.DAT;6
File ID (26230,6,0)   End of file block 1 / Allocated 3

                             File Header

Header area
    Identification area offset:           40
    Map area offset:                      100
    Access control area offset:           255
    Reserved area offset:                 255
    Extension segment number:             0
    Structure level and version:          2, 1
>>> File identification:                  (26230,6,0)
    Extension file identification:        (0,0,0)
    VAX-11 RMS attributes
>>>     Record type:                      Variable
>>>     File organization:                Sequential
>>>     Record attributes:                Implied carriage control
        Record size:                      17
        Highest block:                    3
>>>     End of file block:                1
>>>     End of file byte:                 70
        Bucket size:                      0
        Fixed control area size:          0
        Maximum record size:              0
        Default extension size:           0
        Global buffer count:              0
        Directory version limit:          0
    File characteristics:                 <none specified>
    Map area words in use:                2
    Access mode:                          0
    File owner UIC:                       [SCN,DELEYD]
    File protection:                      S:RWED, O:RWED, G:RWED, W:RWED
    Back link file identification:        (680,19,0)
    Journal control flags:                <none specified>
    Active recovery units:                None
    Highest block written:                3

Identification area
>>> File name:                            ROSES.DAT;6
    Revision number:                      1
    Creation date:                        23-MAR-1993 17:59:03.29
    Revision date:                        23-MAR-1993 17:59:03.48
    Expiration date:                      <none specified>
    Backup date:                          <none specified>

Map area
    Retrieval pointers
        Count:          3        LBN:     314391

Checksum:                                 32694
===============================================================================

$ DUMP ROSES.DAT;

Dump of file DISK3:[DELEYD.ROSES.SEQ]ROSES.DAT;6
File ID (26230,6,0)   End of file block 1 / Allocated 3

Virtual block number 1 (00000001), 512 (0200) bytes

                         <--bytes--+ +--text-->
                                   v v
 2C646572 20657261 20736573 6F52000E ..Roses are red, 000000
 6C622065 72612073 74656C6F 69560011 ..Violets are bl 000010
 73207369 20726167 7553000E 002C6575 ue,...Sugar is s 000020
 65726120 6F732064 6E41000F 74656577 weet..And so are 000030
 00000000 00000000 FFFF0021 756F7920  you!........... 000040
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000050

(NOTE:  The hexadecimal bytes are read from right to left, starting at
the top line column 4, and reading backwards: '0E', '00', '52', '6F',...
The corresponding ASCII text is given on the right and read normally
from left to right.  Note that '52' is hex for 'R', '6F' is hex for 'o',
etc.)

IN DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE RECORDS IN THE FILE ABOVE:

              |<----- DATA (14 bytes) ----->| length
              ---------------------------------------
              | , d e r   e r a   s e s o R | 00 0E | (hex 000E = 14)
              ---------------------------------------

   fill |<------- DATA (17 bytes) --------->| length
   --------------------------------------------------
   | 00 | , e u l b   e r a   s t e l o i V | 00 11 | (hex 0011 = 17)
   --------------------------------------------------

              |<----- DATA (14 bytes) ----->| length
              ---------------------------------------
              | t e e w s   s i   r a g u S | 00 0E | (hex 000E = 14)
              ---------------------------------------

       fill |<------- DATA (15 bytes) ----->| length
       ----------------------------------------------
       | 00 | ! u o y   e r a   o s   d n A | 00 0F | (hex 000F = 15)
       ----------------------------------------------

                                            | length
                                            ---------
                                            | FF FF | (hex FFFF = -1)
                                            ---------
NOTES:
-1 signals end of file

The data is preceded by a word specifying the length of the data.
The NULL fill byte at the end of the second and fourth record is so the
next record will start on a word aligned (even byte) boundary.

The file header also specifies the end of file is byte 70 of block 1.

The data layout is exactly the same as for ROSES_SEQ_VAR_NON.DAT .  The
only difference is in the file header.  The file header for
ROSES.DAT here specifies record attributes of Carriage Control Carriage
Return, whereas the file header for ROSES_SEQ_VAR_NON.DAT specifies no
record attributes.
========================================================================

$ ANALYZE/RMS_FILE/INTERACTIVE ROSES.DAT;

FILE HEADER

>>>  File Spec: DISK3:[DELEYD.ROSES.SEQ]ROSES.DAT;6
>>>  File ID: (26230,6,0)
	Owner UIC: [SCN,DELEYD]
	Protection:  System: RWED, Owner: RWED, Group: RWED, World: RWED
	Creation Date:   23-MAR-1993 17:59:03.29
	Revision Date:   23-MAR-1993 17:59:03.48, Number: 1
	Expiration Date: none specified
	Backup Date:     none posted
	Contiguity Options:  none
	Performance Options: none
	Reliability Options: none
	Journaling Enabled:  none


ANALYZE> DOWN

RMS FILE ATTRIBUTES

>>>  File Organization: sequential
>>>  Record Format: variable
>>>  Record Attributes: carriage-return
	Maximum Record Size: 0
	Longest Record: 17
	Blocks Allocated: 3, Default Extend Size: 0
	End-of-File VBN: 1, Offset: %X'0046'
	File Monitoring: disabled
	Global Buffer Count: 0


ANALYZE> DOWN

	DATA BYTES (VBN 1, offset %X'0000'):

			  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0          01234567
			------------------------          --------
			 20 73 65 73 6F 52 00 0E|  0000  |..Roses |
			 2C 64 65 72 20 65 72 61|  0008  |are red,|


ANALYZE> REST

	DATA BYTES (VBN 1, offset %X'0010'):

			  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0          01234567
			------------------------          --------
			 74 65 6C 6F 69 56 00 11|  0000  |..Violet|
			 6C 62 20 65 72 61 20 73|  0008  |s are bl|
			             00 2C 65 75|  0010  |ue,.    |

	DATA BYTES (VBN 1, offset %X'0024'):

			  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0          01234567
			------------------------          --------
			 20 72 61 67 75 53 00 0E|  0000  |..Sugar |
			 74 65 65 77 73 20 73 69|  0008  |is sweet|

	DATA BYTES (VBN 1, offset %X'0034'):

			  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0          01234567
			------------------------          --------
			 6F 73 20 64 6E 41 00 0F|  0000  |..And so|
			 75 6F 79 20 65 72 61 20|  0008  | are you|
			                   00 21|  0010  |!.      |

%ANLRMS-I-RESTDONE, All structures at this level have been displayed.


Analysis of all the other sequential file types are given in individual
files in the [.SEQ] directory.

===============================================================================
APPENDIX A:

LAYOUT OF THE FILE HEADER BLOCK

Offsets into the file header block are defined by the following
modules:

      module $FH2DEF in SYS$LIBRARY:LIB.MLB       (header)
      module $FCHDEF in SYS$LIBRARY:LIB.MLB       (file characteristics)
      module $FJNDEF in SYS$LIBRARY:LIB.MLB       (journal control flags)
      module $CLSDEF in SYS$LIBRARY:STARLET.MLB   (security classification)
      module $FI2DEF in SYS$LIBRARY:LIB.MLB       (ident area)
      module $FM2DEF in SYS$LIBRARY:LIB.MLB       (retrieval pointer format)
      module $ACEDEF in SYS$LIBRARY:STARLET.MLB   (access control entry)

File Header Block
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                  | FH2$B_IDOFFSET | 00
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                                   | 04
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|          FH2$W_FID_SEQ          |            FH2$W_FID            | 08
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                 |  FH2$B_FID_NMX |  FH2$B_FID_RVN | 0C
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                                   | 10
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|            FAT$W_RSIZE          |  FAT$B_RATTRIB |  FAT$B_RTYPE   | 14 <-- FH2$W_RECATTR (offset to record attributes block)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                            FAT$L_HIBLK                            | 18
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                            FAT$L_EFBLK                            | 1C
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|  FAT$B_VFCSIZE |  FAT$B_BKTSIZE |           FAT$W_FFBYTE          | 20
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|          FAT$W_DEFEXT           |           FAT$W_MAXREC          | 24
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                 |            FAT$W_GBC            | 28
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                                   | 2C
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|          FAT$W_VERSIONS         |                                 | 30
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                                   | 34
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| FH2$B_ACC_MODE | FH2$B_MAP_INUSE|          FH2$W_RECPROT          | 38
---------------------------------------------------------------------                       111111
|     (FH2$W_UICGROUP)     FH2$L_FILEOWNER    (FH2$W_UICMEMBER)     | 3C                    5432109876543210
---------------------------------------------------------------------                      ------------------
|         FH2$W_BACKLINK          |         FH2$W_FILEPROT          | 40  FH2$W_FILPROT -> |DEWRDEWRDEWRDEWR|
---------------------------------------------------------------------                      ------------------
| FH2$B_BK_FIDNMX| FH2$B_BK_FIDRVN|         FH2$W_BK_FIDSEQ         | 44
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                                 | FH2$_RU_ACTIVE |  FH2$B_JOURNAL | 48
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|                         FH2$L_HIGHWATER                           | 4C
---------------------------------------------------------------------
//                                                                 \\
\\                                                                 //
---------------------------------------------------------------------
|         FH2$W_CHECKSUM          |                                 | 1FC
---------------------------------------------------------------------

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